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# Xterra Overland Power & Monitoring Dashboard Architecture
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# Xterra Overland Power & Monitoring Dashboard
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## Overview
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## Purpose
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The Xterra Overland Power & Monitoring Dashboard is a distributed monitoring and control system consisting of:
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A custom monitoring and control system for a Nissan Xterra using a Raspberry Pi Pico 2 W dashboard interface and an ESP32 cargo-area controller.
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* Raspberry Pi Pico 2 W dashboard module
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* ESP32 cargo-area controller
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* RS-485 wired communications
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* WiFi backup communications
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* Touchscreen dashboard interface
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The system provides:
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The system is designed to operate completely offline and continue functioning even when WiFi is disabled.
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---
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## System Goals
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* Monitor house battery status
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* Monitor fridge temperatures
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* Monitor rear seat temperature
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* Monitor outside ambient temperature
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* Control Starlink power
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* Control fridge power
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* Provide a dashboard display while driving
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* Expand later to vehicle telemetry and trip logging
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---
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- House battery monitoring
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- Fridge monitoring
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- Temperature monitoring
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- Power control
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- Alarm management
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- Future vehicle telemetry
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## Dashboard Module
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### Hardware
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* Raspberry Pi Pico 2 W
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* 3.5" touchscreen
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* Powered by 5V from cargo-area buck converter
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- Raspberry Pi Pico 2 W
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- 3.5" SPI Capacitive Touchscreen
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- RS-485 communications
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- WiFi backup communications
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### Responsibilities
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* Display information
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* Accept touch input
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* Send commands to controller
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* Display alarms and warnings
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* Provide user configuration interface
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- Touchscreen user interface
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- Local web dashboard
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- Alarm display
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- Configuration management
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- Relay control interface
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- Data visualization
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### Communications
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Primary:
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* RS-485 over CAT5
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Secondary:
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* WiFi HTTP API
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---
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## Controller Module
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## Cargo Module
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### Hardware
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* ESP32 relay board
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* House battery connection
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* Bosch-style automotive relays
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- ESP32 Relay Controller
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- RS-485 Interface
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- House Battery Interface
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- DS18B20 Temperature Sensor Bus
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- Bosch Relay Drivers
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### Responsibilities
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* Read sensors
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* Interface with BMS
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* Control relays
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* Serve API data
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* Handle logging
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---
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## Temperature Sensors
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### Planned Sensors
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1. Fridge Zone 1
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2. Fridge Zone 2
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3. Rear Seat Temperature
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4. Outside Ambient Temperature
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5. Battery Compartment Temperature (future)
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### Interface
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* DS18B20
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* Shared 1-Wire bus
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* Connected to ESP32
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---
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## Battery Monitoring
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### Planned BMS
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* Xiaoxiang / JBD Bluetooth BMS
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### Data Collected
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* State of Charge
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* Voltage
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* Current
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* Remaining Capacity
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* Runtime Estimate
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* Battery Temperature
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* Cell Voltages
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* Cell Imbalance
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---
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## Relay Control
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### Current Loads
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* Starlink
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* Fridge
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### Future Loads
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* Inverter
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* Camp Lights
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### Design
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ESP32 relay outputs SHALL NOT carry load current.
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ESP32 relays will only energize Bosch-style 30A/40A automotive relays.
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All loads must be fused appropriately.
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---
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- Sensor collection
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- Relay control
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- Alarm processing
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- Communications server
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- Configuration storage
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## Communications
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### Primary
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Primary:
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- RS-485
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RS-485 over CAT5
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Backup:
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- WiFi HTTP API
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Advantages:
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* Reliable
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* Noise resistant
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* Independent of WiFi
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* Works while driving
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### Backup
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WiFi HTTP API
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Used for:
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* Phone access
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* Web dashboard
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* Configuration
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* Future Home Assistant integration
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---
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## WiFi Rules
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### Starlink OFF
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* Dashboard operational
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* Sensors operational
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* Relay control operational
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* WiFi disabled
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* Web dashboard disabled
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### Starlink ON
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* WiFi enabled
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* Web dashboard enabled
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* Remote access enabled
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### Override
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User may temporarily enable WiFi for troubleshooting.
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Default timeout:
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10 minutes.
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---
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## Dashboard Behavior
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### Ignition ON
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* Screen active
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* Full brightness
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### Ignition OFF
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* Screen black
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* Pico remains powered
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* Touch input remains active
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Touching screen:
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* Wake display
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* Display dashboard
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* Auto-sleep after timeout
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---
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Future:
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- MQTT
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- Home Assistant
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- Grafana
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- InfluxDB
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## Future Expansion
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### Vehicle Data
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* OBD-II
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* CAN bus
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* Fuel level
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* RPM
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* Coolant temperature
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* Vehicle speed
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### Navigation
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* GPS
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* Trip logging
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### Connectivity
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* MQTT
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* Home Assistant
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* InfluxDB
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* Grafana
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### Additional Sensors
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* Additional DS18B20 sensors
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* Voltage sensors
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* Current sensors
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* Environmental monitoring
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- JBD/Xiaoxiang BLE Battery Monitoring
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- OBD-II
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- CAN Bus
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- GPS
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- Trip Logging
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- Fuel Level
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- Coolant Temperature
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- RPM
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- Starlink Diagnostics
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